シャジクソウ-6/6 欧文献-4，英国， カーチス “Botanical Magazine”，マウンド "The Botanic Garden"

 Trifolium lupinaster

Left: C. B. M, vol. 22 t. 879 (1805), Right;Botanic Garden, vol. 11, t. 259, fig. 2 (1845-1846)

世界的にはシベリアを中心にアジア北東部，ヨーロッパ北部に分布する．そのためか欧州文献に記されたのは比較的遅く，ロシア学術誌に初めて掲載された．

日本で，伊藤伊兵衛『廣益地錦抄　巻之七』（1719）に「鉢植にしてながめたへす愛賞すへし」とあるように，その葉と花は美しく，英国では自生しないが，シベリアから移入され，観賞用として栽培された．

1787年に カーチス (William Curtis, 1746 – 1799)  によって創刊され，現在でも刊行されている★“Botanical Magazine” は，その正式なタイトルが “The Botanical Magazine; or, Flower-Garden displayed: in which the most ornamental foreign plants, cultivated in the open ground, the green-house, and the stove, are accurately represented in their natural colours. ” とあるように，英国外から移入され，屋外・無加温室・加温温室で育てられた観賞価値の高い花卉類の図譜である．

この図譜の第二十二巻（1805）の［879］図には，貧弱なシャジクソウの圖が掲げられている（冒頭図，左側）．これは，鉢で育てた標本を描いたもので，で一つの花しかついていない一本の莖だが，屋外で育てると，もっと多くの茎が立ち，垂れ下がるほどの花が着く．Kew植物園では 1763 年には栽培されていた．とある．

ベンジャミン・マウンド（Benjamin Maund，1790 – 1863）は，イギリスの薬剤師，植物学者，画家，出版業者であり，1827年には英国リンネ協会のフェローになった．彼が1825年から刊行した ★"The Botanic Garden" (1825 - 1850) は全13巻の定期刊行物で，主に王宮庭園で栽培されていた観賞用の草花を，1ページに4個ずつ掲載し，若き日のビクトリア女王 “To Her Most Gracious Majesty, The Queen: “ に捧げられた．

華麗な植物画は，高名な植物画家のオーガスタ・ウィザース（Augusta Innes Withers, 1792 – 1877），エドウィン・D・スミス（Edwin D. Smith），プリシラ・スーザン・ビューリー（Priscilla Susan Bury, 1799 – 1872）やマウンドの娘らが描いたが，画面の小ささもあって，植物学的な正確さの面からは物足りない．

"The Botanic Garden" の正式なタイトルは，”The botanic garden ; consisting of highly finished representations of hardy ornamental flowering plants, cultivated in Great Britain ; with their names, classes, orders, history, qualities, culture, and physiological observations.” で，英国の庭園で育てやすく，観賞価値の高い花卉類を描いたとしている．

この図譜の第十一巻(1845-1846)，図. 259, fig. 2 には，白い花をつけるシャジクソウが描かれていて，詳細な説明文がつけられている（冒頭図，右側，赤枠内）．

そして，1741年には英国に移入されていたとあり，上記ボタニカルマガジンの移入年より20年程早い．牧草としての可能性にも言及．

Curtis, W. “Botanical Magazine” vol. 22 t. 879 (1805)

[ 879 ]

TRIFOLIUXM LUPINASTER. LUPINE TREFOIL.

Class and Order.

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

Generic Character.

Flores subcapitati. Legumen vix calyce longius, non deciscens,

deciduum.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

TRIFOLIUM Lupinaster; capitulis dimidiatis, foliis quinatis

sessilibus, leguminibus polyspermis. Sp. Pl.

1079. Willd, 3. p. 1357. Hort. Ups. 223.

TRIFOLIUM leguminibus polyspermis, foliis pluribus. Gmel.

Sib. 4. p. 19. t. 6. f. 1.

LUPINASTER. Buxb. in Nov. Comment. Petrop. 2. p. 345.

t. 20. Amm. Ruth. n. 143, 144.

Our drawing, being taken from a specimen which grew in

a pot, represents the plant of a much smaller size than usual ;

for when planted in the open ground it grows to the height of

a foot and a half, and has larger leaves, is also branched and

bears a number of heads of flowers on longer peduncles.

The flowers growing from one side of the flattened end of the

peduncle give the head a cristated appearance, forming what

LINNÆUS calls capitulum dimidiatum ; but in a more vigorous

growth, the extremity of the peduncle turning further round,

the head becomes globular, and the above appearance is confined

to the more early state of the flowering. In habit this

Trifolium rubens

species approaches very near to the TRIFOLIUM rubens*, the

leaflets being very similar, except that they appear entirely sessile,

from the membranous stipule running the whole length of the

peduncle and closely embracing the item. It is a singular deviation

from the rest of the genus that it bears for the most

part five, rarely six or seven leaflets upon one footstalk, nor

can the two lower ones, as sometimes happens in Lotus, be

well considered as enlarged stipules. The seed-pods are represented

by BUXBAUM as very long, but in our plant they are

contained within the decayed remains of the flower, as described

by AMMAN. Raised from Siberian seeds by Mr. LODDIGES

of Hackney, but has several times been in our gardens before;

is said in the Hortus Kewensis to have been first introduced by

Mr. JAMES GORDON in 1763, and we saw it in the late Dr.

PITCAIRN'S collection in 1789. It has a fusiform root and is

but little disposed to produce offsets ; hence if care is not taken

to preserve the seed, of which very little will usually ripen with

us, it must be liable to be soon lost. Is perfectly hardy.

註* TRIFOLIUM rubens: Red feather clover 花はよく似ているが小葉は三枚．
図は　Trifolium rubens L. Sturm, J., Sturm, J.W., Deutschlands flora, vol. 4, t. [40] (1803-1804)

Maund, B., “The Botanic Garden”, vol. 11, t. 259, fig. 2 (1845-1846)

“The Botanic Garden”, vol. 1 表紙と献辞

TRIFOLIUM LUPINASTER.

LUPINASTER TREFOIL.

Class.

DIADELPHIA.

Order.

DECANDKIA.

Natural Order.

LEGUMINOSÆ.

	Native of	Height.	Flowers in	Duration.	Introduced
	Siberia.	2 feet.	July, Aug.	Perennial.	in 1741.

No. 1034.

Trifolium, a word descriptive of a three-leaved

plant. The present genus is well suited to hear

the name, notwithstanding the plant now published

happens to form a singular exception; inasmuch

as its leaflets, produced from one foot-stalk,

vary from three to seven, hut are usually five. This

peculiarity of foliage, which resembles that of a Lupine,

obtained for it the specific name Lupinaster.

This species of Trifolium is ornamental in the

borders ; and its mode of infloresence—the flowers

growing from one side of the peduncle, assists in

distinguishing it from common sorts. Although a

perennial plant, and completely hardy, it is not

often met with. This may be accounted for by its

apparent desire for change of soil, for it produces

stoloniferous roots, which wander in search of food,

and if these be not taken off and replanted occasionally,

they will not continue long insensible to

such disregard ; hence we see, that without some

attention be given it, like many of even our commonest

plants, it will pine and leave us. No

friendship can be permanently maintained without

the observance of kindly attentions.

Mr. Babington, in his Manual of Botany, enumerates

twenty-one species of Trefoil as indigenous

to Great Britain ; half of these may, however, be

regarded as botanical curiosities rather than common

or forage plants. In the science of agriculture

(agriculture well deserves the title of science)

several Trefoils are esteemed as valuable; particularly

Trifolium pratense, or Red Clover, and Trifolium

repens, or White Clover. The former of

these is exceedingly valuable, not alone on account

of its abundant produce, but also on account of its

restoration of land to a state fitted again for the

cereal grains, as wheat, &c. But here, we are sorry

to mention, that the science of agriculture is yet

exceedingly imperfect. Practice has shown disappointing

results, but science has not yet (as we

expect it will) explained the remedy. Clover cannot

be frequently cultivated on the same laud. The

same may be said of other crops, but their results

are less striking. The land, as the farmer says,

tires of it; and the fact is, becomes incapable of

producing it. Several crops of this Clover, even at

intervals of two or three years, will so empty the

soil of the particular sort of food it requires, that

succeeding crops upon the same land will be famished.

The usual manures prove unavailing. The

earth's storehouse must again be gradually replenished

by absorption from rains and the atmosphere.

Here is a fact—shown by practice, and hitherto

irreparable. Science, ere long, may be expected

to supply the remedy, and assist the farmer in replenishing

his soil, with the same certainty as by

the growth of any crop it is improverished.