ヒャクニチソウ-7 西・独・英・仏・白 植物図譜， 緋色の種・八重種の出現

Zinnia elegans (violence)

2014年6月

メキシコからスペインに送られ，マドリードの王立植物園で栽培された Zinnia elegans は欧州各地にその種が贈られ，その装飾性と堅牢性が歓迎されて，多くの改良品種が作出され，多数の植物図譜に描かれた．

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1-1, Zinnia violacea Cav., Antonio José Cavanilles y Palop, Icones et descriptiones plantarum quae aut sponte in Hispania Crescunt, aut in hortis hospitanur. Volumen I, p57” (1791)

1-2, Zinnia elegans Jacq., Jacquin, N.J. von, Icones plantarum rariorum, vol. 3: t. 589 (1786-1793)

1-3, Zinnia violacea Cav., The botanist’s repository [H.C. Andrews], vol. 1: t. 55 (1797-1798) [H.C. Andrews]

英国には1796年に，マドリッドのオルテガ教授から，植物の愛好家で，キュー植物園の理事も務めたブート侯爵（John Stuart, 1744-1814, Marquess of Bute）の最初の夫人（Charlotte Jane Windsor, 1746-1800, 左図）に送られてきた．スペインにきていたダリアがイギリスに届いたのとちょうど同じ経路を通ってやってきたらしい．おそらくダリアと同じ荷物の中に入っていたのであろう．なぜなら，それから約 2 年後，侯爵夫人がダリアの見本を初めてキュー植物園に送ったという記事があるからである．

1-1, 1-2 は前記事参照（http://hanamoriyashiki.blogspot.jp/2014/09/6.html）

1-3, Botanist’s Repository Vol.1 (1797), PLATE LV.

ZINNIA VIOLANCEA, Purple Zinnia.

This elegant new species of Zinnia, is described and figured by J. A. Cavanilles, in his first volume of Spanish plants; where he says, it is a native of Mexico, South America, and was transmitted from thence to the royal gardens, where it perfected its seeds. In the year of 1796, the Marchioness of Bute received it amongst many other curious feeds, from Madrid, through the medium of Professor Ortega.

フランスに入って来たのは，”Herbier General de l'Amateur, I “ p15, (1816) に，" Il y a environ douze ans que nous possédons cette belle plante qui nous a été transmise du Jardin botanique de Madrid.（この美しい植物がマドリードの植物園から我々に送られてきて約12年たつ）"  とあるので，1803年ころにということになる (2-2)．

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2-1, Zinnia elegans Jacq., Curtis’s Botanical Magazine, vol. 15: t. 527 (1801)

2-2, Zinnia elegans, M. P. Bessa, Herbier General de l'Amateur I (1816)

2-3, Zinnia violacea Cav. var. coccinea, Edwards’s Botanical Register, vol. 15: t. 1294 (1829)

2-1, Curtis’s Botanical Magazine vol.15 (1801), TAB. 5273

ZINNIA ELEGANS. VIOLET-COLOURED

JACQUIN having described this ZINNIA in his Collectanea and published a figure of it in his Icones before that of CAVANILLES, his name of ZINNIA. elegans has the right of priority, and we of course adopt it.

It is a native of Mexico, and, being a tender annual, can only be raised from seeds, which should be sown in the Spring on a hot-bed, and by the latter-end of May should be set abroad in large pots, or may be planted out in the open border, where from its size and the beauty of its flowers, it will continue to make a conspicuous figure till destroyed by the frost.

エレガンス種は変異を生みやすい種であり，紫色ばかりではなく，大陸では1829年に赤が，1832年に白が開花するなど，各種の色の花を咲かせる品種が現れた．パクストン卿を育てた第六代デヴォンシャー公爵（William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire, 1790-1858）によってイタリアのパレルモから英国に導入された緋色の品種は，大きな興奮を呼び起こしたと見えて，Zinnia elegans (violence) var. coccinea （緋色の）という変種名が付けられた．緋色の花を咲かせる品種は，同時期に原産地のメキシコから，ミル師（John Stuart Mill, 1806-1873）によって導入された．

ユニヴァーシティ・カレッジ・ロンドンの植物学の教授も勤めた高名な植物学者ジョン・リンドリー（John Lindley, 1799-1865）はこの緋色の種を，” Such is the brilliancy of the scarlet, that no mixture of the most vivid colours will match it by many degrees”と，これまでの種々の色のヒャクニチソウが肩を並べられない輝かしい緋色だと，” Botanical Register” で高く評価した(2-3)．

2-3, Edwards’s Botanical Register, vol. 15: t. 1294 (1829)

ZINNIA* violacea ; var. coccinea.

Scarlet Zinnia.

This splendid plant came up among some Mexican seeds presented to the Horticultural Society by J. S. Mill, Esq.

Its appearance was so entirely that of Zinnia violacea, that till it flowered its beauty was not suspected ; and this unfortunately took place at so late a period of the recent rainy, sunless season, that we fear no good seeds of it were saved.

Our drawing was made in September, and may be the means of recovering the variety, which would no doubt be accomplished if persons in this country were to send the figure to their correspondents in Mexico. Such is the brilliancy of the scarlet, that no mixture of the most vivid colours will match it by many degrees.

Although as an annual, Z. violaceais usually propagated by seeds, yet it strikes freely by cuttings taken off when the stems have just become woody; a fact which is worth knowing, in case the variety should be recovered.

J. L.

* Named in honour of John Gottfried Zinn, a professor of Botany at Gottingen; born in 1727, died in 1759. He is chiefly remarkable for having made some experiments to ascertain the cause of the irritability of plants. He asserted that the leaves of Desmanthus virgatus would move exactly the same in a damp, cold, dark cellar, as beneath the influence of the sun ; whence he concluded it to be a vital phenomenon.

さらに，ロンドン大博覧会 (1851) で水晶宮を設計したことで知られる園芸家パクストン卿（Sir Joseph Paxton, 1803-1865)）も，その著書の中でこの緋色の種を「これまでの（ヒャクニチソウの）変種の中では一番のものだ」と評価した（Paxton’s Magazine of Botany, Vol.1 (1834), 3-1）．

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3-1, Zinnia violacea Cav., Paxton’s Magazine of botany and register of flowering plants, vol. 1: p. 223 (1834)

3-2, Zinnia elegans Jacq. var. flore pleno, Houtte, L. van, Flore des serres et des jardin de l’Europe, vol. 13: t. 1394 (1845)

3-3, Double Zinnia elegans, J. Andrews, Floral Magazine vol 1: plate 33(435?) (1861)

3-1, Paxton’s Magazine of Botany and Register of Flowering Plants, 1 (1834): p223

ZINNIA VIOLACEA COCCINEA

(VIOLET COLOURED ZINNIA—SCARLET VARIETY)

Seeds of this beautiful variety of Zinna [sic=ママ] were brought, amongst many other things, from Palermo, by His Grace the Duke of Devonshire. It far surpasses any other species of variety at present known.

All the plants of this genus are annuals, and are cultivated with the greatest ease, when treated as half hardy. The seeds require to be sown on a hot-bed in March, as recommended for other half hardy annuals, and by the end of May, or when the spring frosts are over, may be transplanted into the open borders, or placed in pots, at the option of the cultivator. The soil is a light rich loam.

その後，多くの色の種が出現し，特に八重種が育成され，ヒャクニチソウの人気はますます上がった．

3-3, J. Andrews, Floral Magazine vol 1: plate 33(435?) (1861)

Double Zinnia elegans
We have given a representation of the three fine varieties of Double Zinnias which form the subjects of this plate, because the flowers have been greatly improved of late, having increased both in size and symmetry, and in the brilliancy of colour which pervades the flowers. The Double Zinnia is approaching the Dahlia in size, while it exhibits hues of colour not found in the latter.

The varieties represented were grown from Continental-saved seed, and the plants received ordinary treatment, and were grown in good soil. The upper flower is of a pleasing mauve-magenta colour, the side flowers crimson and chrome-yellow. Our main object is to call attention to a very fine strain of half-hardy annuals, that are raised from seed with but little trouble, and can be grown by every one having a piece of good garden ground. The Double Zinnia is rapidly becoming a popular exhibition flower, and this fact has given an impetus to the rapid improvement witnessed.